Educating Rita Essay -- Educating Rita Humor Social Class Essays

Educating RitaEducating Rita is a humorous play giving out a real(prenominal) strong message,which is telling the reader to never give up in life and keep strivingfor what you argon aiming for. In this play we have a 26 year old womancalled Rita whom is a mature woman, seeking an education, as shedidnt take the opportunity to learn when she was an amateur student,because of the environment she lived in and the fact she didnt wantto learn due to her popularity and her working class culture.In reflection, Rita has come to historicalise how the law expectationssurrounding her and her working class culture held her back from herreal potential. She wants to change now and break this cycle. Frank,the other main character, is a teacher at the university where she hasapplied to do her course. He is around his 50s and is Ritas tutor.He is a inert man, bored and frustrated by his life he too does nonfeel like he belongs anywhere. Frank does not like his job very much,he does not have any respect for himself at all.The play is staged in one room and only 2 people are taking the majorrole in the play. This is quite unusual for a play this long.Throughout the play, there are only two characters this is known as atwo-hander. Other characters are only mentioned in the play, but inthe film have been cast as parts. It worked well for the film, but I recall it lost the closeness which plays such an important part in thetheatre. Some people would find this to be tedious, but I intend itadds to the intensity and matter between the audience and thecharacters.Frank is a very important to Ritas transformation. The relation shipbetween frank and Rita at the beginning of the play is not strong,Frank doesnt re... ...ing to take ten years off you,it looked like rita was going to kiss Frank but she goes to him, gesout a scissor and starts cutting up his hair, this is one of thehumerous parts. This would symbolise another chance for Frank andRita, a new life for the both of them.I think this play is one of the best plays I have ever read. At tebeginning, I had found out that this play only contained 2 characters,this made me think that this play would be not very interesting, but Iwas surprised. This had an excellent storyline which gave out strongmessages which is basically not to give up in life, for example Ritahad sacrificed a lot for her edcucation, this showed how dedicated shewas. This play is presented in different styles, like sometimes thisplay can be humerous but most of the time it is serious. I think thisway, keeps the reader interested.

U.S. and Russian Relations After the Defeat of the USSR Essay -- essay

US and Russia relations after the defeat of the USSRThe end of Cold War brought new challenges to Russian life, economy andpolitics. Actually, the post-Cold War period candid the new opportunities forRussia. Democracy made its first steps in the country. After seventy years ofcommunism Russian people finally got a misadventure to live how the want, to say whatthey want and to do what they want. People got a chance to choose their ownleader, to vote for the Congress members. And it was very confusing for thecountry. Russia necessitate somebody to come out and jock in this critical situation.Probably, the first country to do that was the unify States. Russians"needed and wanted effective advise and technical help from the United States"(Pickering 102). And the most amazing thing was that the United States didntmind and, actually, wanted to help Russia. But why? Why the United States wantedto help Russians? And I think the answer to that is very simple the UnitedStates rea lized that America and Russia must not think of each other as naturalenemies, scarcely must work together to make more peaceful world, even if they wereready to destroy each other not that long ago. United States needed Russia as astrong partner in the twenty first century.Russia went through many changes in its economy since the RussianFederation took over the Soviet Union. "An economy devoted almost entirely tothe production of military goods was forced to begin to provide what itscitizens demanded, not what its rulers ordered" (Pickering 100). But it wasntthat easy. Russian government appeared to be unexperienced in modernizing theeconomy. Most of the people in government came from the school of the SovietUnion, so they were unable to do anything without somebodys help. "... theUnited States provided Russia with massive augments of experience, deliveredthrough government and head-to-head sector advisors as well as by bringing Russiansin large numbers to the US for t raining and exchanges" (Pickering 102). But thehelp of the US wasnt incisively a gift America had something they got out of thehelp they were providing in building the Russian economy. All big Americancompanies went to the Russian market. "American firms are win over of Russiasextraordinary potential as the market for US trade and as a host forinvestments" (Pickering 102). ... ...ometimesmedia writes about the United States as the country that wants to ruin Russia."Americans who interlace exchange programs and conduct research in Russia areconcerned about a report attributed to a government agency there thatcharacterized such US-sponsored activities as espionage" (Desruisseaux A44). Idont think that this is what Russians think. That is the opinion of those whohad a good life during Communism. "Many Russians realize that the effortsrepresented by this supposed report are efforts to weaken and lame Russia,and cut it off from the rest of the world" (Des ruisseaux, A44). And this isexactly what Russians think. And I dont believe all those rumors about the nextCold War in the next century. Russia and United States have to work together tomake the next century more peaceful then this one.Works CitedDesruisseaux, Paul "Report in Russia accuses US-backed programsof espionage." Chronicle of high Education 24 Januay1995 A44Pickering, Thomas A. "US - Russia relations." Vital Speeches ofthe Day 1 December 1994 100-103Zorpette, Glenn "Down the drain." Scientific American December1996 20, 24

So You Want to be a Hero Essay -- Essays Papers

So You Want to be a HeroAn poster of Heroism and Narrative Power in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green KnightThough both considered heroes, Beowulf and Sir Gawain are drastically different characters in personality, ability, and perspective. The similarities are few apiece performs deeds for which they gain fame and honor, and each is seen, in their own respects, as a paragon of virtue. Two factors immediately stand out as fundamental differences between the texts Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight suggest fundamentally disparate views of religion and of courtly manners. Superficially, Beowulf displays a distinct lack of either in any but the nigh rudimentary way, while Sir Gawain is completely permeated with both. These differences in the contextual valets of the heroes shape and propel them in often wildly different directions. Beginning from these superficial differences in Beowulf and Sir Gawains single worlds and then analyzing how these two champions (and others ) function in their contextual spheres, one can uncover the deeper structures of their social orders, who actually holds power (and narrative power) in them, and, perhaps, something about the value the cultures that produced these two works held.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight describes a well ordered Medieval Christian world. Christianity guides the actions of a heros soul, courtly love those of his heart &emdash the most awful knights known under Christ sat around King Arthurs round-table (Part I-line 51). Sir Gawain as a character is the perfect cog in this system, that knight of courage ever-constant, and customs pure,/ Is praxis and paragon, and praised without end/ Of all knights on earth most honored is he (II-912-15)1. He is devout &emdash he emblazoned the image of Mary on the inside of his screen &emdash and chivalrous &emdash his wheedling out of either affronting Lady Bercilak or betraying the trust of her Lord whilst in their company is a truly virtuoso chivalric per formance.Sir Gawains world is an edifice built of (perhaps arbitrary) religious and chivalric codes that constrain, define and bolster its inhabitants, and Sir Gawain is its golden child. Gawain is brave, for example, not because courage is intrinsically hot and thus he, as a good knight possesses it, but rather because he puts his faith in God, whom naturally no Christi... ...d these tribes cosmic perception an over-arching order to the cosmos now existed, created eternal by an eternal being, above any piddling systems men could create. This apocalyptic safety net thus removed the burden of fending off the eer encroaching entropy, and provided a set of new, absolute criteria for virtue and heroism.Notes1 If read as satirical, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight takes on a new flavor. The descriptions remain the same, however only the authors target changes. All Gawain citations are from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, translated by Marie Borroff, 1967 by W.W. Norton and Company, I nc, New York and London.2 All Beowulf quotes are taken from Beowulf, translated by Burton Raffel, 1963 by Burton Raffel, published by Penguin Books, USA.3 This explains why the (presumed and unrecounted - Gawain II-705-735) deeds of Sir Gawain and Beowulf appear similar but feel so different &emdash to an non-omniscient objective viewer, a man acting charitably out of commiseration for other people and a man acting charitably because God will save his (individual) soul appear to be performing the same deeds.4 A tenet supplied by his chivalric code

Dwarfism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

DwarfismAlthough people are different in numerous ways, few differences are more obvious than dwarfism. Because dwarfism is relatively rare, not many worry about unprejudiced treatment of dwarfs.But dwarfs deal with the same issues as commonplace people, while also trying to overcome the problems posed by their abnormally small height. The novel Stones from the River makes us aware of these problems and raises questionsWhat is dwarfism?And how do dwarfs feel about their conditions? And how does peoples treatment of dwarfs affect their outlook on fiat in general?Dwarfism is a term used to describe the condition of those whose bodies are significantly smaller than the average persons.A dwarf may suffer from medical problems, which can go across to many deformities and complications throughout life.The deformities of some dwarfs, according to the short(p) Peoples Research Fund website, can lead to extensive disabilities, paralysis, and even death.Over one and a half million people in the United States suffer from some condition of dwarfism (Billy Barty).What many do not know, however, is that most dwarfs are born to families that feature no history of dwarfism in their families.There are many different types of dwarfism that researchers have confirmed today, but there still are many genes for dwarfism that remain unidentified.The most common of these known causes is achondroplasia, a bone growth disorder.The Little People Online website states that most dwarfs who suffer from achondroplasia are born to average-size parents, and that their birth rate is somewhere between onein26,000-40,000www.lpaonline.org).The main characteristics of this form of dwarfism are normal trunk size with short appendages, irregularly large heads wi... ...e dealing with her own emotional turmoil over accepting herself for who she is.Trudi, like other dwarfs of the past and present, is pressure to accept who she is.Works CitedThe Billy Barty Foundation.Online.Internet.10 Oct. 200 0.Availablehttp//www.lprf.org/dwarfism.htmlDrKoop.com.Online.Internet.Medical Encyclopedia.9 Oct. 2000.Availablehttp//www.drkoop.com/conditions/ency/article/001247.htmHegi, Ursula.Stones from the River.New YorkSimon & Schuster, 1994.The Human Genome Project.Online.Internet.Personal Experiences.10 Oct. 2000.Availablehttp//mcet.edu/genome/issuesandethics/personal/dwarfism.htmlLittle People of America, Inc..Online.Internet.10 Oct. 2000.Availablehttp//www.lpaonline.org/resources_dwarftypes.htmlLittle Peoples Research Fund, Inc.Online.Internet.10 Oct. 2000.Availablehttp//www.lprf.org/dwarfism.html

Acts 2: 1-18 :: Religion Christianity Bible Essays

Acts 2 1-18In the beginning of Acts 2, the disciples had returned to Jerusalem from Mt. Olivet. They had seen the ascension of deliveryman, but they werent sad, as some might have expected. Jesus had promised to send a Comforter, and they could hardly wait. They were excited and were gathered in the temple, praising God and waiting. Luke 24 53 reads that they were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God. They remembered the words that Jesus said, Whatsoever ye shall ask the stick in My name, He will give it to you. Hitherto have ye asked nil in My name. Ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full (John 1623). The disciples believed this promise, truly sought God, humbled their hearts with united minds and spirit, and waited on the Holy Ghost to fall. Jesus not only promised to send a Comforter, but bureau as well. He said in Luke 2449, And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endued with power fr om on high. The Holy Ghost infilling brings not only comfort and peace, but power also.On the day of Pentecost, people were gathered in Jerusalem from miles around to celebrate. The feast of Pentecost, first day of the week, was kept in remembrance of the law on Mt. Sinai where the Jewish church got its start. Because of the masses gathered, this was a perfect day for the Holy Ghost to come down. There would be hundreds of witnesses and the word of the gospel and the awesome events could be spread quickly and more easily. In the Old Testament, when God came down He presented Himself in a cloud. When Jesus ascended back to heaven, He did this in a cloud. But in Acts 2, the Holy Ghost was quite different. Suddenly there was a sound from heaven like a mighty rushing wind. macrocosm completely unprepared, the disciples were probably startled, but more importantly their undivided attention was gained. The sound not only filled the one room, but the whole house, the streets, and pe rchance even houses beside them. So, not only was the attention of the disciples gained, but the crowd outside as well. Then cloven tongues, like as of fire descended on each of them and they began to speak in tongues.

Acts 2: 1-18 :: Religion Christianity Bible Essays

Acts 2 1-18In the beginning of Acts 2, the disciples had returned to Jerusalem from Mt. Olivet. They had seen the ascension of Jesus, only when they werent sad, as whatsoever might have expected. Jesus had promised to send a Comforter, and they could hardly wait. They were excited and were gathered in the temple, praising God and waiting. Luke 24 53 reads that they were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God. They remembered the words that Jesus said, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in My name, He will give it to you. Hitherto have ye asked nonhing in My name. Ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full (John 1623). The disciples believed this promise, truly sought God, humbled their hearts with united minds and spirit, and waited on the Holy Ghost to fall. Jesus not only promised to send a Comforter, but power as well. He said in Luke 2449, And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endued with power from on high. The Holy Ghost infilling brings not only comfort and peace, but power also.On the day of Pentecost, people were gathered in Jerusalem from miles around to celebrate. The feast of Pentecost, first day of the week, was kept in remembrance of the law on Mt. Sinai where the Jewish church got its start. Because of the masses gathered, this was a perfect day for the Holy Ghost to come down. There would be hundreds of witnesses and the word of the gospel and the awesome change surfacets could be dissipate quickly and more easily. In the Old Testament, when God came down He presented Himself in a cloud. When Jesus ascended back to heaven, He did this in a cloud. but in Acts 2, the Holy Ghost was quite different. Suddenly there was a sound from heaven like a mighty rushing wind. Being whole unprepared, the disciples were probably startled, but more importantly their undivided attention was gained. The sound not only filled the one room, but the whole house, the streets, and maybe even houses beside them. So, not only was the attention of the disciples gained, but the crowd outside as well. Then cloven tongues, like as of fire descended on each of them and they began to say in tongues.

Delay Planning Essay

Assignment 1Part 11.Outline four beas within the above clause that could be identified as being unbalanced and give reasons why. I.The contractor gives the Superintendent, within 5 business age of when the Contractor should reasonably have become alert of that reason occurring, a written claim for an EOT evidencing the facts of causation and of the delay to WUC and any (Milestones).The reason for this being unbalanced is that 5 business days is too niggling of a time frame for the contractor to both collate all the relevant documents from certain people or organisations and then to write a evening gown claim also takes time especially if legal parties are involved.II.A comparison of the planned and as-executed critical way at the time when the delay occurredIt is too uncorrectable and unrealistic for the contractor to impact a delay into the construction programme without knowing the extent of the delay for example if a long lead degree is delayed the contractor will have no idea on when the procurement item is due to arrive, the extent of the duration could affect the critical path in different waysIII.If the contractor fails to give such a nonice within the period call for by this clause, the contractor shall have no claim arising out or in connection with any other delay.This is very extreme and is a link to the time frame of 5 days being a short term to provide evidence sometimes it is very hard and time consuming for the contactor to provide evidence even if the delays is very present.IV.Or Subsequent delays from the original delay which should have been so notified.Each delay should be assessed on its own merit against the programme.2.Rewrite the clause or those areas that you believe are unbalanced or unfair so that clause could be seen as evenly balanced towards all parties.Please refer to the relevant clause add together above.I.The contractor gives the Superintendent, within 28 business days of when the Contractor should reasonably have b ecome aware of that causation occurring, a written claim for an EOT evidencing the facts of causation and of the delay to WUC and any (Milestones).II.A comparison of the planned and as-executed critical path at the time when the delay seizesIII.If the contractor fails to give notice within the period supplicated by this clause, the contractor shall not be entitled to any claim until such information is provided.IV.Any subsequent delay from the original delay shall also require evidence prior to any EOT granted.Part 2Provide a written explanation identifying how you as the contractor can ensure that they do not default on the contract addressing each point from A to E. Provide no more than half a page on each point.

How Social Media Does Harm to the World

How can Social Media do harm to the world? Ethan Chan I am going to explain how accessible media does harm to the world in this essay. Social Media is an easier way to favorableize with other people because you can connect with them no matter how far apart you atomic number 18 from them. By typing on a electronic device you can see what people are up to and communicate with them. However does that make social media a useful communication app? An example of social media would be Facebook, which was created by Mark Zuckerberg at the age of 18.As just as a chela himself, he may not have realized the cast out consequences social media has on the community. Facebook is only one of the few types of social media which teens, housewives and just about both adult lock in to either chat on line or play games online. This group of people turns out to be social media addicts, using up hours upon hours of their days online. This results to a breakdown of the family morals and values. It als o results to lost communication amongst the family members. However, teens are the main source of addiction and this can take up to 8 hours a day.They are spending too much time on social media because they are chatting with their friends and searching for unnecessary people which prevents them from studying. Hence, lowering their grades. Teens like to socialise with social media, instead of playing sports and getting exercise, which means that they are getting lazier and unhealthy. My personal assent is to stop it before it escalates to become a huge adopt of very lazy people. There is a great concern about these chats on the social media leading to negative self-esteem, leading depression and subsequently, even suicides amongst teens.Hence, the negative fix of social media amongst teens can be fatal and needs to be stopped. Business is also being affected by social media. If businesses advertize on social media, people can comment bad things on their business, which could caus e unfounded or bad rumours on the company. Then people wouldnt gage their business and may destroy their reputations. Moreover, the wrong online brand advertising may be the wrong strategy for the business. This is because social media sites are not affective for make brand awareness.Social media is ideal for increasing sales and providing customer services, not to build brand awareness. Social media can have a negative influence on workers productivity. The workers are known to waste valuable time lock into social media apps, such as Facebook and Twitter. Basically, Mark Zuckerberg was a kid when he created Facebook and didnt know how addicted teens would get and how his creation impact negatively on businesses. Social media like Facebook completely changed the way people interact and form opinion about people or things in life, which could negatively changed our value in life.

Tesco Information Systems

Tesco learning System Name of Student Robert Onyango Course Instructor Mr. Bonoko Course Date of Submission Introduction This paper is generally around selective information poplines in an governance. To illustrate this further, the author will specifically look at Tesco, an face of choice. This paper intends to highlight a specific information fundamental law anxiety information outlinesand explore it thoroughly using the different analytical models in relation to Tesco. The illustrations will draw from various related information system schematics and draw examples of how the organization in question Tesco has ascribe them into engross.Description of the Organization (Tesco) Founded in the year 1919 in London, Tesco is a grocery and merchandising retail chain. The organisation is without a interrogative sentence the largest retailer in Britain by local and global market shargons and gross revenue. The organisation originally dealt with foodstuff, but they have sinc e ventured into other circles, for example, financial services, software, profit services, clothing, car and health insurance, and consumer electronics. Tesco appears on the London Stock Exchange and it also headlines the FTSE 100 Index.As at 23rd December 2011,the organization had bagged an astounding ? 31. 3billion in terms of the Market Capitalisation and consequently ranked the 14th-biggest organization on Londons Stock Exchange. Looking at the argument in the retail industry, it is very important for organisations to establish operational strategies that are efficient. Information System (IS) covers a complex sample of Information Technologies and the professionals who apply the finicky technology in he sustenance of an assortment of organisational functions (Williamson, Harrison, and Jordan 2004, 376). Structure of Management Information System This kind of information systemMISentails information technology cover to managerial and organisational needs. It constitutes deter mining the type of information technology to be beneficial to organisation and culture and application of business solutions in relation to it (Seilheimer 2000 Walsham 1993).The strong acme of this kind of information system is that in combines the business understanding with information system and technology knowledge to help an organisationTescocompete successfully or restructure on-going operations. pic Fig. 2. The Role of MIS in Tesco Source Tesco Annual Report, 2010. Professionals who are conversant with this type of IS use their backgrounds that are business based in working with users and managers to urge and pinpoint technological improvements that whitethorn be beneficial to an organisation.Their work is to codify, analyse, design, implement, and manage modern telecommunications, business, and m any other computing deviceised information systems. Moreover, traditional transitioning systems are maintained. Professionals in this discipline are also assigned the duty of t ransaction with exhilarating growth technologies, for example, the design and management of telecommunications systems, e-business, using and create server systems for the consumer, data storage and database development, and finally, developing web-based technologies for other applications in business inclusive of electronic commerce (Trinder, 2007).MIS is the primary source of information drived to keep an organisation running effectively and efficiently. This kind of IS has three main resources information, technology, and state, although in recent times, data, procedures, hardware, and software (programs) have since been added to that list. Management information systems stand out from the rest of the pack as they are employed in the analysis an organisations operational activities.In the spheres of academics, the term usually refers to the set of information methods of management linked to the automation or propping peoples ability to make conclusions, for example, exper t systems, administrator information systems, and decision support system. Before the in-depth investigation into Tesco, it is important to highlight the various management information systems lendable as most of these systems specialise in exact industrial and commercial segments, structure of management, or traces of the sum up out, and Tesco is no different.At the top of the food chain is the management information system, which draws up with reports that are preset and have standard schedules founded on summarised data that was retrieved from the organisations transaction processing systems to operational level and shopping center management for information of semi-structured and structured decision setbacks and also classify them. The second are the marketing information systems (MIS) purposefully for management of marketing elements of the organisation.Thirdly, there is the executive information system (EIS), which is a reporting instrument that gives hasty access to re capitulated reports stemming from all echelons in the organisation and is usually a host to operations, accounting, and human resources departments. finis support system (DSS) is the fourth typology. These are computer applications utilised by the middle management in the anthology of information from commodious source ranges to catalyse qualification of decisions and solving of paradoxs.Last is the office automation system (OAS), which is meant to aid productivity and communication via eradicating log jams and automating the flow of work. This typology can be put to practice at all and any echelon of management (Cronholm and Goldkuhl 2003). How IMS Supports Tescos Organizational activities For market success, an organisation has to be efficient in its customer service. To get to this goal, Tesco saw it necessary to procession its efficiency pertaining to the customers by processing their orders from its compound conduits.Moreover, the firm had to place a charge limit to its c ost. Information systems have developed into a vital feature in running an organisation, considering it is an impetus to the organisations supply chain (Stapleton and Murphy 2003). Further more, it gives an arena for the amalgamation of the whole organisation into a item-by-item block. pursuance the rapid innovations of technology, information systems are growing by the day. The end result is the emergence of various information systems that have already been stated above.In a calculated move aimed at elevation of its competitiveness, Tesco has integrated a transaction processing system (TPS) into its supply chain (Friedlos 2007), which has been made possible via the development of Tesco tell (Tesco 2009). The invention is assisting clients to place orders of non-edible stuff that the organisation is dealing with before ensuring that the goods are delivered to clients residences. The organisation has since introduced an official webpage, and this has amplified the efficiency of t his service (Amatya 2005, 5).Individuals were definitely enjoying a comfor dishearten process of consumption thanks to Tesco direct products. The major challenge that the organisation faced while implementing this policy is that they had to en convinced(predicate) customer satisfaction by making sure their expectations were met. This can non be disputed as it can be confirmed that Tesco has managed to supply high-quality products to its consumers via its Tesco. com service and eventually deeming it as reliable to customers. Besides, guaranteeing that the new product will ride the organisations retail operations was one of Tescos objectives.Before scrutinizing Tescos application of management information systems, it is helpful to understand its role, which is data diversity from external and internal sources into information that can be utilised in effective decision making in light of planning, organizing, and directing the activities linking them with responsibility. Tesco has se veral information systems, some of which they utilise on a day-to-day basis to make operational decisions. Others are also used in coming up with strategic and tactical decisions. mental process and Order Management SystemIn addressing these challenges, the organisation resorted to developing a system of processing the orders placed by customers. This was bent on hastening the processing speed of such orders. The ever escalating customer base of the organisation prompted the need for a more efficient system of processing orders. Considering that Tesco was pitting the development against a time frame, the organisation had put in double efforts to beat their deadline. A team comprising of ten engineers was therefore assembled, and after working in-house for six months, the project was done.Tesco also had to do outsourcing from IVIS group and Microsoft Gold Certified. Eventually, this saw the birth of order management system (OMS) (Tesco 2009). ending making model Tesco is a worldwid e organisation whose IT organisation is basically managed from India and the United Kingdom. This is a major hindrance to ease of decision making as most of the persons involved and the stakeholders cannot come together to table and discuss strategies and policies, and this could be only pinned on the time factor.Mike Yorweth, who is the Chief Architect, organised a worldwide confluence using Cisco TelePresence, and the purpose of this meeting was to brainstorm all the members agreed on the organisations use of a global IT strategy. Later, Yorweth stated that the TelePresence had enabled the meeting to take place in three hours, whereas the absence of the TelePresence technology would have resulted in the organisations managers wait another six months to proceed with a face-to-face meeting.Yorweth also confessed to the TelePresence, enabling the members to come to an understanding faster than in the meetings that had proceeded Decision making is one of the basic sub-branches of org anisational models. In management of an organisation of Tescos calibre, there exists two types of decision making structured and unstructured. The former is usually routine and repetitive, and standard methods are used while dealing with them. On the other hand, the latter need military rank, insight, and judgement.Important decisions usually exist in Tesco, considering its wide customer base, and sadly, there exists on preset measures in cracking them. CIPSODAR decision-making and communication models It should be highlighted that making abstract and unstructured decision is a procedure that is assigned a given time frame following gathering of information from relevant sources. Tesco managers, especially the middle ones, go done a series of beats before coming up with a concrete decision. The first step is usually acknowledgement and acceptance that a problem exists.A good information system will point the managerial team in the right direction by providing all sorts of informa tion take and also underlines where there lays a problem following evaluation of the organisation, which is readily available online with the introduction of modern technological innovations. At this echelon, Tescos policy of riddance reporting is vital. This is to say that only situations that require to be addressed immediately are reported. For example, a drastic increase or decrease in sales in comparison with a similar time frame at a previous year, consumers with outstanding balances, and staff resigning in big numbers.The second step is to check out all the possible solutions. In-depth analysis is usually handy at this juncture, and much information is also needed. Tools that can model the impact of various solutions like price variations and salary increments, such as the spread sheet, may be required. It automatically follows that the third stage is choosing a decision and consequently effectuation of the solution. In some cases, it requires the formation of a new inform ation system biased towards management to keep an eye on the solution progress. pic Fig 2. The Decision Making Process in TescoSource Tesco Annual Report, 2010. Decision making is not a smooth process as many a people may assume, especially when dealing with a global organisation such as Tesco. Occasionally, one has to take steps backwards when it is evident that the decision is not applicable and is bound to backfire. This may be also brought about by discovery of helpful new information that offers better alternatives. Conversely, structured decisions are guileless as Tescos information systems provide the correct information, and a manager would have to be a goof if they made the wrong decision(s).How the System Produces the take Information Web interface was the in like mannerl designed to cover online processes (Shneiderman 1998). The OMS processes the order right after they are sorted. This begets an increase in flexibility, something that can assist the organisation to rep lace the system online while they have removed it for maintenance. A number of channels that could be either online or offline send orders that are received by the system in order for it to be operational (Larson and Davis 2003).Tesco has several warehouses within it that make use of the OMS therefore, employees have an easy time monitoring and managing processes of the workflow as the system automatically makes it available for them. Technology model Hardware and Software in Use The software that was used by the organisation is BizTalk Server 2006 to put into operation the OMS development, which was a sub-channel to Tesco Direct. This particular program gives an organisation the capability to merge various systems, resulting in an efficient process of business (Chappell 2005, 3).This boosts circulation of information surrounded by factions where vast software ranges come into play. The softwares ability to be interpretable is solely responsible for this. A good example is highligh ting the ability of Tesco to use its former Tesco. com in communicating despite the fact that it was using Microsoft SQL server version in 2005. Moreover, the efficiency of processing the orders is amplified, considering that the software is able to support a variety of data formats. The health and activity tracking system is also used effectively by the OMS system.The former refines debugging and monitoring of the processes and applications besides keeping a track on process statistics on every system components. Plus, the slipups that may possibly arise from the process of procurement are resolved after beingness recognised by the HAT. The system reliability is also refined in the process. Subsequently, the BizTalk server is also made manageable by the OMS. Tescos communication with the wide-ranging applications of the warehouse utilised by the suppliers of the organisation is change by the server, both externally and internally.Tescos direct service has comfortably integrated the OMS. Four computer servers that are installed with Windows Server 2003 operating system are employed to make certain the operation of the implemented OMS. Conversely, the databases are managed by the SQL server version 2005. Performance Positive Aspects Tescos retail procedures have been thoroughly refined, courtesy of the ordering system. The OMS has brought the following advantages to Tesco improvement in order processing capacity. The ability of Tescos performance pertaining to processing of orders has skyrocketed.As per the latest statistics, Tescos reliability in relation to processing orders has shot up to approximately 5,000 orders in an hour. It is without a shred of doubt that the BizTalk Server 2006 is responsible for pulling these strings, proving that it is much more superior to the mainframe-based Tesco. com. Tesco has also experienced reduced hardware costs. This is made possible as the OMS has ensured a abundant drop of the cost of the hardware involved in the o rganisations chain of supply.This sprouts from the fact that the OMS is capable of performing processing of orders by using a minute fraction of the server (estimated to be about 2025 per cent). Consequently, the organisation has been handling huge customer numbers with ease and escalated reliability. What is even more fascinating is that if Tesco decided to broaden its consumer base, they will not have to spend anything on the hardware, i. e. , the server. Moreover, there are very high chances of the organisation further developing its processing of orders.These probabilities stem from the acknowledgement that distributed processing is enhanced by Window Server 2003. Supplier relationship is maintained. This is the third advantage that cannot be overlooked. It is mandatory for any organisation to maintain its flexibility with regards to the replacement of their suppliers within the supply chain so as to not to have an impact on the operation of the organisation (Williamson, Harison , and Jordan 2004). Sundry business developments that have been effected by its partners in business are accommodated by the BizTalk Server used in propping the OMS.The outcome is evidently autocratic as Tesco is experiencing finesse in communication with their business partners. At this juncture, it is already evident that the integration of BizTalk Server within Tescos information system has improved and augmented the reliability with which Tesco is handling processing of orders. Taking into the consideration that the server possesses elements of coupling loosely with the Internet and interoperability, it is safe to make a suggestion of removing the OMS for maintenance without necessarily affecting the purchase activities and processes for the customers.Formal information systems are important to Tesco as they give exact answers to recurrent questions on the screen or via monthly, weekly, or daily reports. High ranking Tesco managers are bound to use new information via a new met hod of data analysis or by outsourcing the information. The Tesco design management team designed their MIS to have the following characteristics that make it stand out from the rest. It is very elastic, which provides for various methods of data analysis and information evaluation (Remenyi and Sherwood 1999). They have the capacity to prop up a scope of knowledge and skills. They make the managers work asier via interpersonal communication with organisation members besides not needing too much concentration as managers are always busy and give them the time to focus on other things. Work is easily interrupted and could be easily resumed at a later time, and finally they ensure managers are out of scope for overload of information. It can therefore be safely reason that the system is a success. Analysis of Failure and Success It is general knowledge that management information systems are compound, and in the process of selecting, implementing, and designing them usually require man y people, both from within Tesco and outside it.The managerial team charged with the responsibility of making sure the system pulls through ought to have a displace understanding of the system and have a very close relationship with the organisation (Croholm and Goldkuhl 2002). Managers ought to be knowledgeable on the probabilities Offered by the ICT systems are the challenges that they may come across, and they should be able to understand the need of having the necessary measures in place to make sure that the organisation is operating smoothly. FailuresA good amount of notes is required to ensure that the OMS is operational and maintained despite the fact that it brings alongside many positive attributes. There exists an interrelationship between the implementation and purchase of the system with the cost. For example, if Tesco might be needed to carry out an all-inclusive investigation into the system before it is implemented, outsource of professionals and consultations are mandatory. Moreover, Tesco will have to be carrying out maintenance of the system regularly, and that is considerably costly.Despite Tesco having the cost slip-ups only, there are several others factors that can cause the failure of a management system that they ought to be wary about. The first one is inadequate analysis. This is likely to surface when potential setbacks, particular needs, and limitations are not wholly comprehended prior to the design and choice of a new information system. Another factor is absentia of the management in design. It is very important that all the members and persons intending to gain or benefit from the design should be entirely immersed in its development (Monk, Wright, Haber, and Davenport 1993).Failure of which leads to destruction or collapse of an organisation as information that is of no interest to anyone is provided worse still, information that cannot be comprehended by anyone may be produced. This also has a negative effect on the manage rial team in that they are left waiting for an information system that will never see the day or light. The third factor is placement of emphasis on the computing system. It is rather diaphanous that this entails choosing the proper hardware and software, especially for modern computers, and this is very crucial to any corporation regardless of its size.Before implementation of a system, it should be noted that measures dealing with both data output and input should be established. The organisation needs to clearly spell out the aims and objectives of the new system. For no reason at all, users may decide to ask for the field population on a database and are fond of asking for reports about the organisations management that are never read or are completely useless. Fourth, is the lack of teamwork.An ICT manager needs to be able to integrate all the departments under his/her jurisdiction to operate as one single unit (Naranjo-Gil 2009). Some of the departments under an organisation include marketing, accounts, and dispatch and storage departments. Conclusion When an organisation decides to incorporate the management information system, it is bound to fuel the attainment of being highly competitive (Manning and Raghavan 2006). This is founded on the basis that operations linked to chain management are refined. By using the OMS, Tesco has climbed the charts of market positioning.Moreover, the relationship between Tesco and its suppliers and customers has immensely improved Tesco should consider doing a couple of things to ensure that they reach the peak in working with the OMS. The first one is to conduct a look into on whether OMS culminates into shrinkage with regard to operational costs. Secondly, they should undertake research on the market that is continuous to establish the efficiency with which the organisation is effective in its undertakings. germ List Amatya, L. , 2005. Information systems of Nepal Telecom for customer service.Nepal Elsevier Limited . Chappell, D. , 2005, Understanding BizTalk Server 2006. New York, NY Microsoft Incorporation. Cronholm, S. and Goldkuhl, G. , 2002. Actable Information Systems Quality Ideals Put Into Practice. Presented at the Eleventh Conference On Information Systems (ISD 2002). 12-14 September, Riga, Latvia. Cronholm, S. and Goldkuhl, G. , 2003. Six Generic Types of Information Systems Evaluation. Linkoping, Sweden Department of Computer and Information Science, Linkoping University. Larson, R. and Davis, M. , 2003. M UC Berkeley, IS 202 Information Organization and Retrieval. online Available at Accessed 27 December 2011. Monk, A. , Wright, P. , Haber, J. , and Davenport, L. , 1993. amend Your Human-Computer Inter-face. New York Prentice Hall. Manning, C. and Raghavan, P. , 2006. Stanford University CS276 / LING 286 Information Retrieval and Web Mining, Fall. Naranjo-Gil, D. , 2009. Management Information Systems and Strategic Performances The Role of Top Team Composition. International di ary of Information Management, 29(2), pp. 104-110. Remenyi, D. and Sherwood-Smith, M. , 1999. Maximise Information Systems Value by Continuous Participative Evaluation.Logistics Information Management, 12(1/2), pp. 14-31. Seilheimer, S. D. , 2000. Information Management During Systems Development A Model for Improvement in Productivity. International Journal of Information Management, 20(4), pp. 287-295. Shneiderman, B. , 1998. Designing the User Interface Strategies for Effective User Interface Interaction. 3rd ed. Reading, MA Addison Wesley Longman Stapleton, L. and Murphy, C. , 2003. Revisiting the Nature of Information Systems The Urgent Need for a Crisis in IS Theoretical Discourse. Transaction of International information systems, 1(4), pp. 14. Tesco, 2009. Online Ordering System that Processes 5000 Orders per Hour. London Tesco Incorporation. Trinder, P. , 2007. UK F29IF1 Database and Information Systems. Edinburgh, Scotland Heriot-Watt University. online Available at Accesse d 27 December 2011. Walsham, G. , 1993. Interpreting Information Systems in Organisations. London Wiley & Sons. Williamson, E. , Harrison, D. , and Jordan, M. , 2004. Information System Development within Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Information Management, 24(5), pp. 375-385.

Analysis of Feminism in Pride and Prejudice Essay

AbstractPride and Prejudice is a marvellous new(a) of Jane Aus go. Although in her age, wo men ar regarded as emotional, weak, nurturing, and submissive, Austen depicts her heroine, Elizabeth as a adult female who has her proclaim perspectives, turn inings, and opinions. This paper analyses feminism in Pride and Prejudice from its progressive and conservative aspects. The former is reflected from the perspective of the way of narration and line drawing of Elizabeth, piece of music the latter is illustrated when this novel is confined in patriarchal society, that is, it compromises with fashion and tradition of its time. Key words feminism, females archives perspective, depiction of Elizabeth, compromise.1. Introduction Pride and Prejudice is far-famed as a masterpiece of Jane Austen for centuries. Many situationors cont blackguardute to the success of it. The plot is absorbing it tells how the hero, Darcy necessitates rid of his pride and the heroine, Elizabeth gets ove r her prejudice and to k in a flash each other(a) and how they finally get married. The writing technique is noticeable as well. Narrative perspective from Elizabeth influences readers judgement, which causes readers misunderstanding of Darcy at the beginning.The correction of Elizabeths understanding of Darcys actual character in the last chapters creates one of the climaxes in this novel. Austens language is witty and concise, and many words ar full of wisdom and humor. We clear retrieve Austens feminism in Pride and Prejudice, although she may not realize it. The narration from a females perspective is worth mentioning. It provides us with a un bid world from a males dupe. Women be placed in the center of narration. In the novel, Elizabeth is come forthstanding among those women. She is a woman who thinks she is equal with men. However, feminism in this novel is conservative, for Austen did not go beyond social customs in her day. There is something against feminism. Wom en ar passive and dependent on man economically. I will analyze the progressiveness and conservatism in this novel.A rough knowledge of Austens writing background is helpful for us to understand the analysis better. The story happens in the late eighteenth or the early nineteenth century in a British rural country which is similar to Austens life environment. In Austens day, for women did not work outside like men, their economic status is quite low. Lack of economic independence as well as suggests that women charter to rely on men after marriage if they want to live decently. Inequality in economy leads to womens dependence. Inequality caused by social custom alike affects womens social status. The inferior position long occupied by women in patriarchal society has been culturally, not biologically, produced. (Hornsby, 257) Men were regarded as governors of society, bandage women as objects governed by them. Even women themselves did not think they were as equal as men.They accepted it as a truth that men were innately brag to them. However, in Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth is against this traditional view. She has much confidence on her intelligence and judgment and at the time she is against tradition to some extent. Elizabeths distinction is a statement of Austens awakening of feminism. This paper appreciates the females perspective of narration in Pride and Prejudice and the way that Austen depicts Elizabeth as a woman who has similar viewpoint with feminists. Meanwhile, this paper notices that the novel has its limitation in terms of feminism. This paper analyses feminism in Pride and Prejudice from its progressive and conservative aspects2. develop in wrong of Feminism2.1 The Females Narrative Perspective Special viewpoint is important to convey the idea and life experience of the vote counter and even the writer. (Min Jie, 65) In traditional novels, the narrators are almost males, and male characters are usually in the center of narration. Then it is not strange that mens thoughts and experience are talked about still those of women are neglected. In a mans narration, females are objects of observation they are passive and have no logical power. (Cheshire, 158) The image of females is simplified and polarized.There are only two mercifuls of girls good girls or bad girls. Good girl accepts her traditional gender section and obeys the patriarchal rules, while bad girl is the opposite. (Tyson, 38) The well-rounded character of females in real life does not get much attention. The image of women is materialized, partly out of mens imagination. They build the image according to their expectation, taking for granted womens real feelings. Therefore, womens feelings are not hearkened and their feelings not perceived. This is a kind of neglect and even more discrimination. Fortunately Austen made a bold try in the men-governed novel world. Virginia Wolf once said that men and womens concerns are significantly different. ( Min Jie, 25) They understand things differently. Something that is trivial in mens eyes is probably very important in womens eyes. Austen transformed the narrative perspective from male-centred to female-centred, emphasizing the understanding of female subjectivity.She shows to readers how females react to the world. The story goes not with the affairs around the males, but with females life experience and feelings. Women are given discursive power, which is a rare case in traditional novels. Austen made great efforts to change the rules in patriarchy. In this novel, Austen purposely limits her privilege of narration. In the first ten chapters, the novel has an omniscient narrator who takes care of all the things and people. It shows basic background information to readers. As the story goes on, we get interested in Elizabeth and therefore the view begins to be concentrated on her naturally. She becomes the heroine and the whole narration is confined to her world. What she sees and hears is the only way for us to obtain information. Her attitudes and thoughts inevitably influence our judgment. In other words, females that are narrated and controlled in traditional novels are endowed the discursive power.They have the right to talk about their opinions and make judgment. In the Bible, God takes out a rib from Adam to create Eve. This archetype all the time underlies the domination and superiority of males. In contrast, females are repressed and even they themselves could not see their identity clearly. They are as daughters, wives and mothers. In short, they live for men. Nevertheless, in Pride and Prejudice, men are discovered and judged. They become the other, which Simone de Beauvoir called women. Austens description of males also impacts on the permit of patriarchy. Elizabeth points out Darcys pride and after self-reflection, he corrects it. He gets improved with the help of Elizabeth. To some extent, Elizabeth plays the role of his tutor. (Zhang zhisong , 12)This is quite unusual in traditional novels. Austen changes the fact that males are placed above females. In Pride and Prejudice, females become the subjects of narration and men are learned. The discursive power mastered by men is now shared by women as well. Austen deconstructed the male-centred narration and helped eliminate the discrimination against women in writing tradition. In the novel, the narration from a female viewpoint is a dispute to the authority of patriarchy. Meanwhile, Austen made a big step in the history of female literature.2.2 Depiction of ElizabethAustens feminism is mainly embodied in her depiction of Elizabeth. Different from traditional women, Elizabeth is no longer someone to please males, nor one to obey patriarchy. She is confident and independent and charming in personality. Austen starts to mould Elizabeth from the view that women are born equal with men in intelligence. This view reflects the confidence Austen has on women. She had a new view o f women, which is sh profess in the description of Elizabeths character from different aspects. In Jane Austens day, an accomplished woman mustiness have a general knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and modern languages. Besides, she must pay attention to her manners, dress and expressions. (Cai Lanlan, 85)Girls are educated in this way not for their sake or to cultivate their minds. However, the accomplishments are to attract a good maintain, especially a wealthy one. Girls dress these skills to acquire a key to open the door of a happy marriage. Once they get married, these accomplishments are usually abandoned. Nevertheless, Elizabeth is quite different from traditional women. She does not learn the accomplishments tradition and society encourage girls to acquire. She is elegant in a special way. She prefers extensive reading to cultivate her mind. She admits frankly that she does not sing or play the piano well. She does not think it is a shame, either. Her rebell ion against traditional accomplishments shows that she is conscious of the identity of females. She rejects to be the tool to please males. She prefers pursuing spiritual fulfilment.She would like to be a fully developed person whose mind is really educated, rather than just someones wife. Austen does not approve womens imperative obedience. She rebels against it when necessary. Elizabeth is special for she is bold enough to challenge the feudal ethics. To ensure the health of her sister, Jane at Netherfield, Elizabeth walks three miles in a bad day by herself irrespective of her mothers opposition. With weary ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of exercise, (Austen, 31) she entered Netherfield, leaving the Bingley sisters despise her successfully. She does not care about her untoward dress, or Bingley sisters contempt. From that point, we can see Elizabeths detachment from traditional shackles. Elizabeth does not feel humble when encountered with people wh o are in higher position. She is courageous to rebut unjustified reproaches to her as well. To some unreasonable requirements, she can respond forcefully.In Austens eyes, Elizabeth is the embodiment of self- obedience and courage. When Lady Catherine forces her to promise that she would refuse Darcy if he asked her to draw him, she refutes that she will travel along her happiness without reference to Lady Catherine or anyone unconnected with her. (Austen, 367) She is not threatened by someone who has higher social rank. She does not feel shy or cowardly when marriage is mentioned before her, although traditional women in her day are asked to behave in opposite. Elizabeth is intelligent and insightful. She is good at examine character and analyzing herself as well. What concerns her most is not something superficial, such as wealth or status when making judgment on others, but something in nature. She also reflects herself. It is her self-analysis that makes her notice her prejud ice against Darcy and then rebuilds her knowledge about him. Elizabeth is somewhat a studier of character. (Austen, 88)This is quite precious for in previous novels, women are observed by others and womens perspectives on the world are seldom mentioned. Elizabeth is independent and strong-minded, which come from her confidence. Once she defines something is right and worthy to be done, no one can change her mind. She has strong faith in her judgment, though she does not always make the right decision. This forms a contrast with Jane, who is a representative of traditional girls. She knows her own mind less than Elizabeth does. There is another example to show Elizabeths good will. When her younger sister, Lydia elopes with Wickham, it is Elizabeth who plays a crucial role in solving the problem, while her mother just falls in illness due to worry. Her independence makes her less influenced by others and she can behave on her own will. Her confidence leads her to extend with emergen cy calmly and orderly. Her attitude towards marriage is worth mentioning.She perceives that love should be an important element in marriage, which is quite important. That can be seen in her refusal of Mr. collins scheme. Though she is poor and her family suggests her joint with a man who is to inherit her fathers property, (Carson, 21) she refuses to marry a man who she despises. She rejects marriage which does not include love. In her eyes, marriage is not a transaction, in which a man exchanges a wife with fortune. It seems a humiliation to her that people regard marriage as a trade. She insists that love be the groundation of marriage. That forms a contrast with her intimate friend, Charlotte, who marries Mr. Collins to get rid of possible poverty in later life. There is something else that matters in marriage for Elizabeth. She believes that marriage should also be based on equality and respect between husband and wife.Elizabeth does not accept Darcys first proposal for she f eels his sense of her inferiority and she is annoyed by Darcys pride. After realizing her misjudgement on Darcy and Darcys change of his pride, they both become more mature and understand each other more. They help each other improve their personality. They are lovers as well as friends. Therefore, not only love but also esteem exists between them. Men and women are free to choose their spouses, but their affection should be tempered by reason and with respect. (Cai Lanlan, 19) Elizabeth has a lot of courage to pursue her happiness, which is precious in her day.Elizabeth is wise, independent, confident and strong-minded, and much feminism is reflected on her character. Austen does not mould her as a perfect figure. Elizabeth commits prejudice against Wickham and Darcy, which makes big mistakes. However, Austen means no criticism to her imperfection but a challenge to the traditional creation of heroes or heroines, who were perfect in many priory novels. Austen made a change. The imp erfection on Elizabeth makes her more real and distinctive she is even more charming due to her shortcomings. Meanwhile, this kind of writing is more valuable according to aesthetic. (Ma Wenting, 69)3. Conservatism in Terms of FeminismAusten did make much contribution to feminism. She advocated that females should be sensible and independent. Elizabeth is a figure whose consciousness of feminism is much more advanced than that of other women in her day. However, limited by social custom and education she received, Austen was not radical as some feminists of nowadays. She was a pioneer in the field of feminism, but her consciousness was weak and conservative. Influenced by patriarchal culture, she could not escape from tradition thoroughly. She made a compromise with social custom, so there is something against feminism in this novel. In love, females are objects of being chosen. In marriage, women still depend on men in material. Only by males approval can females fulfil their value s. This paper also explains the conservatism in terms of feminism in this novel. In patriarchy, women nearly have no rights to choose the ones they are fond of. They are not allowed to be active in love.Women are asked to show as few feelings as possible. When Elizabeth sheds her prejudice against Darcy, she falls in love with him immediately. However, instead of telling her feelings to him at once, she has to handgrip until Darcy makes a proposal to her again. If Darcy got offended by her refusal and never asked her to marry him again, probably Elizabeth would miss the chance. (Ji Ying, 47) Elizabeth is the best-loved figure by Austen, but she still can not get rid of the confinement from social custom. Jane pretends to be detached from Bingleys affection due to the restraint of the rules. It is her restraint that puzzles Bingley and almost ends their relationship. All women can do is to cargo hold for the coming of love and sometimes even accept a proposal against their will.The y have no freedom to choose husbands, not mention to pursue them. In marriage, for men and women are not equal in economy, women have to rely on their husbands. At the beginning of the story, Austen mentions that a man with good fortune must need a wife. (Austen, 1) In fact, the story proves reversely that a woman if not to be raised by her parents must find a husband with much property. Elizabeth is surprised by her sensible and rational friend Charlottes marriage with contemptible Mr. Collins. Actually, except that Elizabeth finds someone who appreciates her and is wealthy as well, there is no point for her to be amazed by Charlottes choice. Elizabeth pursues independence and liberty in spirit, but after marriage, she still has to live like other women, depending on their husbands in material. Austen depicts Darcy as a wealthy man, unconsciously proving that she still thinks a man with wealth is advantaged. Austen used the archetype of Cinderella.The difference from the original o ne is that Cinderella in Pride and Prejudice is not fragile and the prince is not charmed only by his Cinderellas beauty, but also by her personality. It seems to resist against the discrimination that women are just beautiful in appearance, for what concerns Austen most is the description of Elizabeths character. Nevertheless, women are still evaluated by men it is men who have the right to announce how a woman is. Without the appreciation of Darcy, probably Elizabeth would stay as Cinderella forever. (Liu Xueqiong, 3) She is not able to change her status by herself. Elizabeth is witty and different from other girls, but what Austen expresses to us is that Elizabeth is worthy to get married with. Elizabeth is envied not for she is a totally independent person as a woman, but for she will be Darcys wife. The psychology of depending on men is rooted in contemporary custom. It was acknowledged that there was nothing wrong for women to be raised by men.Even though Austen found that sp iritual independence was not enough for women, she was powerless to change the situation. Social system did not reach the point that Austen could not bear so that she move to overthrow its standards totally in her writing. Confined by social custom in her day, Austen did not catch the real meaning of equality between men and women and independence of women. Limited by contemporary social tradition, Austen gave in to it. There is something against feminism. In the novel, women are passive when dealing with love and they have to rely on men after marriage. Furthermore, they need mens appreciation to fulfil their life. Feminism is observed in Elizabeth, but it is vague.4. ConclusionAusten is insightful into society in which she lived. Pride and Prejudice is excellent in many aspects. Her knowledge of feminism is advanced in her day. She uses female-centred narration, which is different from traditional narration, which is male-centred. She depicts Elizabeth as a woman vivid with the glory of feminism. In this novel, Elizabeth is independent, intelligent confidant and strong-minded, which does not meat mens expectation. These factors state feminism of this novel. Meanwhile, her feminism is quite conservative. She gave way to social custom of her day. Women are passive, for they are not allowed to make decisions on their own marriages they have to depend on men economically, which affirms their inferiority.These elements expose the conservatism of this novel. Austen challenges the rules in patriarchy but unfortunately she is confined by them as well. Above all, she as a pioneer contributes a lot to feminism, and the depiction of Elizabeth is so successful that girls of nowadays have much to learn from her.

Spinoza vs Descartes on God

Abstract and Referential Ontology Descartes Versus Spinoza on the Existence of perfection. The idea of beau ideal is central to the development of Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy. Although both philosophers employ an ontological ground for the organism and necessity of immortal the particular(prenominal) spirit of idol differs greatly with from each one account. dapple Descartes suggests a Judeo-Christian concept of divinity fudge, Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most signifi flush toilett difference however, lies within the basis and structure of each argument itself.Considered from an analytical standpoint by the lens of Gotlobb Frege, Descartes certainty of theology possesses both sense and fictitious character and is in that locationfore qualified of expressing the truth. Spinozas argument however, employs sense al unrivalled, thus rendering it neither authoritative nor treacherously but quite literally meanin gless. A detailed analysis of Descartes Meditations of First Philosophy in conjunction with Spinozas Ethics pull up stakes help elucidate these claims. in advance an analysis of Cartesian and Spinozan theology can occur, an understanding of each theory mustiness first take place.The Cartesian proof of divinity fudge is outlined in Meditation Three of the Meditations. Within this work Descartes suggests a causal argument for the existence of a supreme being. This argument can be broken have as follows 1. Everything has a ca make use of 2. We have an idea of the innumerable 3. An idea of an infinite could non be urinated by a finite thing 4. God is infinite 5. Only an infinite God is adequate to cause this idea 6. God exists An argument such as this implies a specific understanding of Causation. harmonize to Descartes, everything from object glass to idea must have a determinate cause.That is, finite existence is not self-generating but rather the product of something else. T he cause in disbelief depends upon the degree of formal and objective reality it possesses. Formal reality refers to existence within this world. For example, a channelise has formal reality as an empirical object just as an idea has formal reality as a mode of thought. Objective reality refers to existence as represented via ideas. That is, an idea of a tree possesses both formal reality as a mode of thought and objective reality as a representation of a specific tree.According to Descartes, a cause must possess at least as much formal reality as its effect contains objective reality. (Descartes 16) For example, the idea of a tree must be caused by something of more formal existence within this world than objective existence via its representation. Therefore, the idea of tree must be caused by a specific tree rather than the idea of a specific shrub. Descartes applies this reasoning to the idea of God in the argument above. Regardless of whether or not we think God actually exis ts we cannot deny that an idea of God is indeed within our reason.If we have an idea of God consequently this idea must not exclusively have a cause but a cause with more formal reality than objective reality of the idea itself. That is, that which the idea of God is referencing must be more substantial than the finite idea of the mind. The only cause more formally real than finite existence is infinite existence. Since the only conceivable infinite existence is that of God, Descartes concludes that In creating me, God placed this idea within me to be like the mark of the workman imprinted on his work. (Descartes 19) Therefore, God must of necessity exist as the infinite cause of our finite idea of Him. erst Descartes has argued the existence of God via causation he proceeds to prove Gods existence via nitty-gritty 1. The concept of God is genius that is infinite and perfect 2. To not exist would be an imperfection 3. Therefore God exists The general form of this argument is a testament to Descartes understanding of an arrogate. Of attributes there are only two, an Attribute and an Omni-Generic Attribute.An attribute refers to that which is necessary to the bosom of a specific affection, as perfection is necessary to the nerve centre of God. That is, in order for God to exist it is essential that perfection and infinitude are attributed to this existence. An omni-generic attribute, refers to that which holds of any total but does not put up to its essence, such as existence, duration, or number. According to Descartes, to not possess this kind of attribute is a kind of privation or lack of the attribute itself. For example, if a ball is not red it lacks the color red.Therefore, if it is essential that God is both perfect and infinite then(prenominal) non-existence would imply that a perfect being suffers some kind of privation. all the way this is preposterous, for if a perfect being were to lack anything it would basically cease to be perfect . Ergo, God exists by virtue of His perfection. Given the above arguments maven can set about to understand the temperament of the God Descartes is endeavoring to prove. For Descartes, God is infinite and perfect existence. God is incessant, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and the creator of everything else. Descartes 20) Not only does God possess this genius but it is necessary that He does so. If God is not infinite or perfect God could not exist as these attributes are essential to Gods existence. Furthermore, if God is not the ultimate creator the innate idea of God we interpret would cease to be innate but adventitious (externally caused) or imaginative (caused by the mind) which is again unacceptable given its content. Given these qualities 1 can draw a connection to the omniscient, eternal, creator God of Judeo-Christian interpretation.That is, Yahweh or God is responsible for the creation of all existence, Ex nihilo, or out of noth ing. The world is created as an existence separate from that of the Divine and as such exists finitely, or limited by, Gods infinite existence. (Van Voorst 212) Given this parallel, one can easily understand the sense in which Descartes understands God as eternal, immutable, independent existence outside of space and time. Now that the Cartesian argument for the existence of God is understood an outline of that of Spinoza must also take place.Spinoza presents his proof for the existence of God within the The Ethics via one precise marriage proposal. Proposition 11 states God, or the significance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses eternal and infinite essence, necessarily exists. (Spinoza 91) This proposition is best explained through the use of three arguments. Each argument, while unique in itself, illustrates an aspect of Spinozan philosophy contrary to that of Descartes. The first argument supposes that God exists as it is necessary given the essence of God itself.Before one can understand this argument one must first understand what is meant by essence. For Spinoza essence is that which is necessary for something to exist. That is, it is that without which a substance ceases to be. Spinoza employs this idea of essence in a negative proof for the existence of God 1. Consider the idea that God does not exist 2. This contemplation would mean that Gods essence does not possess existence 3. This is absurd since Substance (God/Nature) necessarily exists 4. Therefore, God necessarily existsWith this argument, Spinoza is suggesting that existence is an attribute of Gods essence. By attribute, Spinoza is referring to what the intellect perceives of a substance, as constituting its essence. (Spinoza 85) This differs slightly from Cartesian philosophy in that for Descartes existence is an omni-generic attribute and therefore does not contribute to the essence of a substance. Regardless, what Spinoza is actually saying is that we perceiv e existence to be essential to God. If existence is essential to God, then it is in Gods nature, as substance, to exist. Therefore, God necessarily exists.Thus, this proof not only argues the existence of God but the nature of the Spinozan substance as well, in that a substance is that of which existence is its essence. That is, it pertains to the nature of a substance to exist. (Spinoza 88) Spinozas proof of the existence of God can be further represented via an argument of causation 1. There is a cause for existence and non-existence 2. The cause of existence or non-existence is internal or external of the thing 3. If nothing can hinder the existence of a thing internally or externally then it exists necessarily 4.There is no cause internally or externally hindering Gods existence 5. Therefore, God exists wish Descartes Spinoza believes anything that exists must have a cause, however Spinoza takes it one step further to suggest that anything that does not exist so too must have a cause. The cause for this existence, or lack thereof, must originate from within or without a substance. If there is nothing within or without the substance that limits its existence then it must necessarily exist. Here, Spinoza is discussing finite and infinite existence. If something is finite then it is limited in existence by something less finite.That is, there is something that limits the finite to its finite existence. Thus all finite things are hindered by the existence of something else, eg, the infinite. The infinite exists in essence as something that admits of no limit. There cannot be more or less of an infinite substance as it is limitless, complete, and whole and thus internally and externally unhindered. Therefore in the above proof, Spinoza is not only saying that God exists because there is nothing within or without of God to hinder its existence, but moreover that God and substance are infinite.If this is the case, then finite existence cannot be possible as this would imply its hindrance in some fashion, deeming it non-existent. If there is no finite existence, then every substance is necessarily infinite. (Spinoza 88) Thus, there can be but one substance the infinite, unhindered, God. Spinozas proof of the existence of God as well as the nature of the God he is describing can be further explained through the representation of this final argument 1. Ability to exist contains power 2. In big businessman to exist demonstrates a lack of power 3.If an infinite being does not exist a finite being would have more power than an infinite being 4. This is impossible 5. An infinite being exists Similar to Descartes, Spinozan theology can be described via the idea of privation and used to establish a specific understanding of God. For Spinoza, the ability to exist contains some kind of power. This power refers to the ability of a substance to exist independently of anything else as a self-generating substance. A substance possesses the power to essen tially spring into being unaided by anything else. Hence, existence implies power.Therefore, to not exist would imply a lack of this power. If we are to go back to the previous proof we can deduce that God is an infinite substance, meaning that it is unhindered or unlimited by anything else. Given the present argument, if God were to not exist then it would be somehow limited by that which does exist. That is, God the infinite substance would be limited in power by finite substance. According to Spinoza, this concept is absurd as it is impossible by the very essence of an infinite substance to be hindered by anything of the finite, including power.Therefore, God must exist. With the above explanation one can not only deduce that God must necessarily exist but that God must necessarily exist as one, complete, infinite, substance. It can be said then that Spinoza employs a kind of monism to his understanding of God similar to that of Eastern theology. That is, the existence of only on e infinite substance, or God, draws a strong parallel to the Brahman or divine breath of Hinduism through which existence was created Ex deo or out of the substance that is God.Therefore, there is no actual separation between God and human existence rather a perceived separation caused by human ignorance of the divine nature. (Van Voorst, 23) Therefore, although Spinoza will agree with Descartes that God is infinite and all-powerful, both philosophers differ radically in their interpretation of this infinite, all-powerful substance. Significant to both Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy is the position that God must necessarily exist in order to support the philosophy in question. That is, if God did not place the idea of God within the mind then any analysis of this idea is useless.Similarly, without the existence of an infinite substance, the Spinozan theory of substance is irrelevant. Therefore, God must exist if either theory is to succeed. notwithstanding this fact as well as the above differences, the most crucial contrast within Spinozan and Cartesian theology lies within the basis and structure of each argument. From an analytical perspective, specifically from that of Frege, Descartes argument differs radically from that of Spinoza in that the former possesses the most truth value. Truth value, is coifd via the criteria of sense and reference.With regards to a particular proposition, such as Aristotle exists the sense is that which the subject expresses. (Frege 210) That is, sense is the way in which the subject is considered or described. For example, the subject Aristotle could express many senses ranging from Citizen of Athens to Philosopher. The reference is that which is designated by its subject or that which the subject stands for. Aristotle stands for or designates Aristotle himself. (Frege 210) Thus, the reference is that hold outable and concrete object from which the subject draws its credit.For Frege, a proposition must contain both se nse and reference in order to possess any truth value. That is, in order to say anything whether true or morose about the world we must first know to what within the world the subject is referring and how exactly it is referring to it. Otherwise we would have no true way of knowing what the proposition means. Given the above description, Descartes understanding of God describes the Judeo-Christian sense of the term in that it is infinite, immutable, eternal, and responsible for the creation of all existence.According to Spinoza, God is best described in a monist sense as one infinite substance similar to the Brahman of Hindu thought. However, in order to determine the reference of each subject a precise pedigree of Cartesian and Spinozan thought is necessary. The reference of the Cartesian God can be traced back to Descartes theory of existence in the Cogito. According to Descartes, all that we believe to be true is ultimately subject to doubt as it is provided via the senses which are commonly deceived. This is easily illustrated given the perceptions of a single piece of grow.If our senses illustrate a ball of wax as both in a solid and liquid state how is it that we can know anything concrete about the wax? In order to determine what it is that we actually do know we must purge ourselves of all former beliefs and methodically build our collection of knowledge based on that which is beyond a shadow of a doubt. Once purged of these beliefs Descartes determines that regardless of the valid existence of anything else, he cannot deny that he is indeed doubting. If he is doubting he is clearly and intelligibly thinking.Therefore, Descartes concludes that there must be some thing that exists as a thinking thing. Cogito ergo sum, I think therefore I am. By the identical token, body and mind must exist in that regardless of the validity of the empirical world one cannot doubt that something exists to sense it. Thus, with regard to reference, existence refers to the experience of thinking just as the concept of the body refers to the experience of sensation. Next Descartes categorizes the thoughts within his mind as ideas, volitions, and judgments.Of his ideas Descartes distinguishes between those that are innate, imaginative, or adventive. Given that an adventive idea is caused by a bodily sensation and an imaginative idea is caused by the mind itself, Descartes determines that an innate idea, such as God, must be caused by God itself by virtue of the theory of causation. If one is to carefully trace each discovery back to its point of reference one would conclude that the existence of God draws its reference from the existence of innate ideas which in turn draw their reference from the experience of the phenomenon of thought.Thus the proposition that God exists possesses the knowable experience of thinking as its reference. Since Descartes proposed existence of God contains both sense and reference it is indeed capable of saying something meaningful about the world because it both refers to something knowable and expresses something about it. If one were to analyze Spinozas proposition of Gods existence the origin of reference is not so clear. Proposition 11 states that God, or the substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses eternal and infinite essence, necessarily exists. Spinoza 91) This proposition is the conclusion of the ten propositions before it which are in turn based on seven axioms and eight interpretations. Of each of these concepts, proposition 11 refers most ardently to Spinozas definition of Substance. That is, substance is what is in itself and conceived through itself . (Spinoza 85) It is self-generating and its existence depends upon nothing else. The definition of essence, as that which is necessary for the existence of a substance, then refers to the above substance.Similarly, the definition of an attribute, as that which the intellect perceives as the essence of a s ubstance, directly refers to the definition of essence which is itself based on the definition of substance. Once these three definitions are proposed Spinoza uses the theory of causation and privation outlined above to help reach the conclusion of Gods existence in proposition 11. While logically this lineage is sound, upon closer inspection one must notice that the lord idea of substance which forms the foundation for the entire Spinozan theology has no referenceThat is, the concept of substance as independent and self-generating does not refer to anything within the world that contains these qualities. While Descartes theory rests on the experience of thought as its original reference, Spinoza has no concrete, knowable reference to hinge his theory upon. One does not experience self-generating, independent substance in a way in which the construction of knowledge is possible because a self-generating, independent substance is unknowable. The only substance the human mind can mak e reference to is that which is finite and intelligible as this is what we are in contact with.Therefore, Spinozas definition of substance may express substance in the sense that it is self-generating and independent but this substance does not refer to anything concrete and knowable. To make this proposition is much like claiming The present King of France is bald. Although, the statement expresses the present King of France in the sense that he is bald, there is no King of France to be bald. Therefore, the present King of France. like the Spinozan substance, is but a concept with no real reference with which to draw its meaning.Since the definition of substance holds no reference, the subsequent definitions of essence and attribute refer only to a concept. If this is the case, the culmination of these definitions in proposition 11 is also based on a concept. Therefore, the entire Spinozan proof of God is but an idea abstracted from a series of underlying empty concepts. Thus, alth ough the Spinozan proposition for the existence of God is logically sound it is incapable of saying anything, true or false, about the world. Therefore, the entire proposition is meaningless.Despite its empty nature, Frege does not mean to say that propositions lacking reference should be dismissed. Rather, propositions such as these comprise the world of art. Take for example a poem. To say that Odysseus landed on the shores of Ithaca is not to say anything true or false regarding the world because although the subject Odysseus describes the fictional character of myth this subject holds no real reference as this character has never existed. This is not to say that the proposition is any less euphonic or pleasing to the intellect. A proposition doesnt have to say anything of value to be beautiful and artistic.Therefore, Spinozas proposition for the existence of God, albeit meaningless, is unflustered an outstanding artistic accomplishment. In conclusion, both Descartes and Spinoza argue for the necessary existence of God. Although each argument is similar in execution, the Cartesian idea of God is more aligned with the Creator of the Judeo-Christian tradition whereas the Spinozan concept of God is similar to the monistic Brahman of Hinduism. Although this difference is indeed important the most significant difference lies within the logical structure and foundation of each argument.Given Freges criteria of sense and reference, the Cartesian proposition for Gods existence possesses both sense and reference and is therefore capable of saying something meaningful about the world. On the contrary, Spinozas proposition for the existence of God possesses sense but no reference and is therefore built upon an empty concept. Despite its inability to say anything meaningful, true or false, about the world the Spinozan proposition for the existence of God is nonetheless an extraordinary artistic achievement. Works Cited Descartes, Rene. Meditations of First Philosophy. Blackmask Online, 2002. Blackmask. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. lthttp//www. blackmask. com. Frege, Gotlobb. Sense and Reference. The Philosophical Review 57. 3 (1948) 209-230. JSTOR. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. . Spinoza, Benedict D. The Ethics. A Spinoza Reader The Ethics and Other Works. Ed. Edwin Curley. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1994. 85-265. Print. Van Voorst, Robert E. Hinduism Anthology of being Scriptures. 7 ed. Boston, Massachusetts Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2011. 21-27. Print. Van Voorst, Robert E. Judaism Anthology of World Scriptures. 7 ed. Boston, Massachusetts Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2011. 209-217. Print.

Charles Dickens, Great Expectations

The text under hearation presents an excerpt from the novel Great expectations by Charles dickens who is one of the worlds greatest novelists of the nineteenth century famous for his criticism of the bourgeois society of his time with its evils and contrasts of wealth and poverty, his unique proy of feature drawing and optimistic point of view concerning purport and the world around him.The reviewer highly appreciates Dickenss spirit of optimism, his love for common people and his strong belief in the final victory of good over evil as rise as his humour which is to be found on each page and in characters and incidents of the greatest diversity. However, Dickens possesses a great dramatic instinct which can be proved by the following extract. On a stormy rainy wickedness a young gentlemans gentleman named fleck is reading a book when a strange visitor interrupts him appearing unexpectedly. finish off lets him in wondering what has brought the man to his flat. While talk of the town to him attain suddenly begins to recognize the leaf node whose strange behavior conf employments the young man. The stranger turns out to be dissipates mysterious benefactor whom he helped escape from pursuit when a child and this fact shocks Pip so much for he considers his present status to be his own achievement. The convict reveals confidential after secret and does non conceal his pride of Pips existence a real gentleman.The extract under consideration presents a component part of 1st person narration which proves to be more objective from the point of view of the novel protagonist with elements of colorful description and vivid portrayal intercepted with a dialog and flashbacks deepening the ratifiers penetration into the character thoughts. The prevalent mood of the excerpt is gloomy, nervous and disturbing, full of anxiety and tension maintained by the weather behind the window of the Pips room with an air of approaching disaster.With e truly coming give -and-take the antecedent creates the atmosphere of a alone(p) stormy evening that brings not only disaster except in like manner renders the characters thoughts, his state of mind and soul, his vague foreboding of radical but inevitable changes that atomic number 18 both captivating ad dramatic. With the tonality of the narration gradually shifting along the scale of intensiveness the text under summary can be split into four logical parts and the following names can be suggested for each of them.The 1st part titled An prevenient fear faces the reader into the story and forms the background against which all the events subscribe to place. The 2nd one bears the name The stranger in the room acquainting the reader with the uninvited guest who is the embodiment of mystery and enigma. The 3d part of the excerpt called The present meets the past provides the reader with nigh new information concerning the protagonists early career and reasons his present behavior.The final part which presents the climax of the extract can be named The revelation answering the gestures aroused in the previous parts. Let us consider each part of the text separately. The 1st part of the extract serves as introduction into a stormy and dark evening provoking the whole orbit of mysterious and striking events happening to the protagonist of the novel Pip reading a book late at night in his small capital of the United Kingdom flat at the top floor of the building.Every detail introduced by the author is called upon enhancing the gloominess of the atmosphere and preparing the reader for the events forthcoming. To intensify the wretchedness of the weather of the weather the source resorts to the whole palette of stylistic devices numerous repeatings (stormy and wet, stormy and wet, mud, mud, mud) to form the background against the events take place and gradually draw the reader into the story who comes across another SD polysyndeton (and and and) that is another type of rep etition which intensifies the increasing strain and growing nervousness.Apart from that Dickens metaphorically compares the clouds with a heavy veil which being vast, heavy and all-embracing covers the whole city reinforcing the image of inevitable disaster by means of hyperbole (an eternity of cloud and wind, the worst day of all) modify an additional swayiveness to the narration. The wind is personified by the author and likened to a terrible monster, primeval beast which deals death and destruction and demolishes everything in its way (violent blasts, rages of the wind, the wind assails and tears the sound) in order to emphasize the implied feeling of the ramatic events coming. The lexical expressive means are inflect by definite syntactic structures used by Dickens to bring to a more colorful and probable presentation of the scene. The expressive intensive sentence So furious had been the gusts brings additional vividness and luster to the description is accompanied by a SD of detachment which primary function is to add significance to the part of the sentence manifesting itself in the following phrase and gloomy accounts had come in from the coast, of shipwreck and death.The time is flowing carrying away the last moments of Pips peaceful reading and the final one is burned out by the canonise Pauls and all the many church-clocks striking. In this split up the authors godsend is the use of SD of onomatopoeia (the sound of the clocks striking leading, accompanying, following) that perfectly presents the brain of the clock chime as a sign of approaching danger or disaster.The couple construction of this sentence is backed up by anaphora accentuating the temporary state of affairs (some some some). The SD of parallelism is also used by the author in the next phrase The sound was curiously flowed by the wind and I was listening and thinking which is gradually bringing the reader to the 2nd part of the excerpt The stranger in the room further step u p the tense atmosphere of the 1st one.Gloomy prophesies turns out to be true the strange uninvited guest is coming up the stairs to intrude into Pips apartment and Pips life. Dickens masterfully resorts to the SD of metonymy to maintain the air of mystery and growing unbelief Pip hears a footstep, not a man (I heard a footstep on the stair, the footstep stumbled), talks to a voice that seems to be the echo of his own words (There is nothing the reflected by weigh? Nothing the matter) presented by anadiplosis, sees a face larding the image of the stranger with a special choice of words including epithets rendering not only the characters thoughts but also enhancing the general sense of anxiety the whole extract is permeated with (nervous folly, awfully connected, dead sister, blown out lights, incomprehensible air, mere instant, the phantom beneath, a shaded lamp etc. ).The author has a firm grip on readers interest inserting an indefinite pronoun whoever which precedes the act ual description of the night visitor built by the author with the help of antithesis (he was substantially dressed, but roughly), simile (like a voyager by the sea and tha abundant use of various epithets (muscular man, strong on his legs, large brown venous hold, browned, hardened). His hair is metaphorically called iron-grey, and judging by his appearance one might say that this person is used to hard work.The paragraph is practically built on parallel constructions backed up by anaphoric repetition (that that) to make the description of the stranger more expressive. Pip gets conglomerate in the conversation with his visitor and we cannot but notice that these principle characters are opposed to each other at different levels and in different shipway both in speech and their attitude towards each other.All kinds of deviations from standard English phonetic (arter, fur). Grammatical (youve growd up, I have never forgot it, you was a saying, wot) and lexical (nigh, alonger) are typical for Pips guest speech as contrasted to Pips highly educated phraseology that forms the huge fault between these two people that at first sight seems to be insuperable.Besides with the dialog intercepted the reader should pay the closest attention to the politeness the visitor addresses with to Pip (by your have it away, Master) and Pips inhospitable answers and nervous reactions finding their expression in such words as resent the recognition of brightness, unwilling, ask as civilly as he can revealing his inner shapeless fears and temporary mental state.One must feel the constant intention of the stranger to reach to Pip, to express joy caused by the sight of him (bright and gratified recognition that shone in his face), holds out both his hands to Pip the phrase which runs like a refrain finished the whole text merging its parts to a single whole and totally enjoys the view of Pips flat looking most him as if he had some part in the things he admired.Ascribing some p ositive intentions to the strange visitor on the one hand the author intensifies Pips negative attitude towards him on the other, position an emphasis on the fact that Pip suspects the stranger to be mad, recoils from him talking to the interlocutor even in somewhat humiliating way (Why do you, a strange coming into my rooms at this time of the night, ask that question? ) when the first hint at disappointment of the night visitor gradually realizing him being an uninvited guest appears expressed by the epithets (his coarse broken voice) and his moment hesitation presented by epiphoric repetition (Ill speak in half a minute.Give me half a minute, please) although his strong believe in Pip and his admiration remain unshakable. The atmosphere of growing suspense and tension maintained in the previous part bursts into a well-considered moment of recognition causing a tsunami of thoughts and feelings that threatens to devour the principle character. Pips night guest turns out to be the convict he helped escape from pursuit long time ago and now this man so suddenly and unscrupulously interferes with Pips life.In order the reader forms a clear view of the situation, the author gives a flashback into the past events proceeding the present ones with a perfect use of causative-consecutive ties and connections. It is necessary to point out that repetition takes various forms in this paragraph. By means of anaphoric reiteration (For I knew him, but I new him, I knew him now ) the writer sets an unmistakable rhyme reinforcing with every beat of Pips heart his feeling of realization and anxiety that is immediately communicated to the reader.No need to take a file, no need to take the handkerchief, no need to hug himself there is something sinister about the fact that the phrase no need to is iterate so many times that the reader may find disturbing. As always when a repetition takes place, it results in a parallel arrangement of constructions (had driven away, had sca ttered, had swept us to the churchyard) which is meant to accentuate certain significant details of the past horrible for Pip.The constant use of the verb to know which is definitely a key word of the paragraph deserves special attention, as it is employed so as to emphasize the very fact of recognition. Moreover, the author resorts to a special choice of words aimed at lending an additional expressiveness to the moment described to produce the greatest possible effect achieved by the smallest possible means to detect, to recall, feature, recognition, identity, suspect, consciousness, distinctly etc.The dramatic opposition of the characters previously introduced by Dickens finds its further development in the course of narration when being under the influence of moment hesitation Pip finally gives his hands to the convict reluctantly who grasps them heartily, and kisses them, and holds them which forms a kind of antithesis in the attitude of the personages towards each other. Whi le the convict interprets Pips unconscious resignation as a good sign even going to embrace him, the protagonist overcomes his shock and astonishment to keep the distance (I aid a hand upon his breast and intrust him away) raising his voice in a fit of anger and in his desperate desire to be as far from this man as possible. The author favors reiterations in great abundance expressing one and the same idea from different angles to reveal Pips hesitation, lack of self-confidence with the help of root repetition (grateful, gratitude, to thank, to be thanked), anaphora (I am glad, I am glad) and chiasmus (I deserve to be thanked, you have come to thank me).As the author puts it Pip loses his self-possession not cognize what to do and the SD of aposiopesis (But surely you must understand I) is an excellent proof of it. The last phrase of the sentence bringing up the paragraph may be regarded as a logical summing up of what was previously said presenting the reader with a magnificent metaphor the words died away on my tongue proving to be an apotheosis of Pips temporary state of numbness and shock.While analyzing the text we must take into account the fact that both characters are presented in growing but each of them in his own unique way. At the beginning of the excerpt Pip is self-confident, self-reliant, a bit arrogant considering himself to be a master of the situation although this state does not last long. Pip tries to keep at the same level of formality but he is confused, nervous, anxious. Pip recognizes him but hes unwilling to renew the chance intercourse with him (But our ways are different ways).In the course of narration he suffers lack of words and numbness darn concerning the convict Dickens makes a well-thought-out swift in the mood of the personage shifting from friendly tone to somewhat ironic and self-assured one. The convict also repeats himself but deliberately as it produces quite a different, even opposite impression on the reader his speech is now imbued with bitter disappointment and ridicule seems to be a perfect tool for its expression.Apart from this he tries to sound poetic (many a thousand mile of stormy water, since you and me was out on them lone tingle marshes) and all the dialect and uneducated features of his speech prominent not only in phonetics, but also in vocabulary and syntax cannot prevent the reader from perception of his romantic nature. In the stream of consciousness Pip turns off to his past again remembering some significant details about his champion with the convict.Dickens resorts to anaphora (I was a poor boy, and to a poor boy they) to lay a special stress on the fact mentioned intensifying it with oxymoron (they were a midget fortune) to lend probability and additional expressiveness to the description of Pips joyless childhood full of hardship and privation. The fact that the convict gave some money to Pip finds its reflection in the present when Pip is trying to repay to him to split all the bonds between them and get rid of the feeling of obligation. The protagonists actions tease the convict who does not care of money, burning them down.It is necessary to point out that Pips actions are connected polysyndetically to indicate Pips haste and nervousness whereas the convicts actions are joined asyndetically displaying perfectly his self-reliance. The contradictions of the convicts manifest themselves in the recurring SD of chiasmus (with a smile that was like a frown, and with a frown that was like a smile) employed by the author confuse Pip even more when the night guest puts a question truing to sound greatly and deeply ironically May I make so bold as ask you how you have done well? laying a special stress on how which is italicized. The question influences Pip in a strange and frightening way and the author reinforces his hidden fears using the emphasised it-structure in the following sentence It was only now I began to tremble in order to mark t he moment when Pips numbness is hold to set him free giving way to much wilder feelings and emotions. To impart to the paragraph its own stylistic value Dickens resorts to the SD of metonymy (lips had parted and shaped some words that were without sound) to deepen Pips hesitation and feeling of uncertainty.The question is piled on the question while the convict deliberately disparages himself (a mere warmint) to let Pip feel in full measure, keenly, acutely the convicts ironic attitude towards him as a naive boy who thanks his lucky stars having no slightest idea of his real benefactor. Along with the epithet wildly the author make use of a colorful simile with my heart beating like a heavy hammer of disorder action and the SD of suspension (as to the first figure now.Five? As to the 1st letter of this layers name, now. Would it be J? ) to introduce the reader into the final part of the extract under consideration containing the denouement of the whole text. The final part of the text presents the climax of the excerpt with Pips state of shock being underlined in a number of ways and exaggerated. The authors chief weapon is hyperbole. The abundant use of hyperbolic plural orms (disappointments, dangers, disgraces, consequences) blended with metaphoric (all the truth of my position came flashing on me, rushed in in such multitude) and some other hyperbolic expressions (I was borne down, had to struggle for every breath, could not have spoken one word though it had been to save my life, suffocating) give the reader a vivid sense of revelation befallen Pip who is about to faint which is proved metaphorically by the author (the room began to surge and turn) as well as metonymically (bringing the face that I now well remembered).The final part is based on the SD of suspense which makes the idea of revelation more prominent and surely holds the readers attention till the very last word. The use of emphatic it-construction (Its me wot has done it ) deepens the rea ders understanding of it. The last paragraph is practically built up on parallel constructions backed up by anaphoric repetitions (as ever I earned a guinea, that guinea should go to you, as ever speclated and got rich, you should get rich) and the SD of antithesis (I lived rough, that you should live smooth, I worked hard that you should be above work).Rhetorical questions that do not need any answers but stimulate some meditations upon the real state of affairs strengthen the crash of all Pips great expectations. Disparaging himself deliberately the convict desires to sacrifice a lot for Pips sake that emphasizes his magnanimity and Pips pettiness. The young mans happiness is the only compensation he needs and exclaiming I could make a gentleman and, Pip, you are him he sounds proud and satisfied with what he has done.In his novel Dickens touches upon some burning issues of his time in a life story of a young man whose being poor and lonely gets a chance to change all his life with the help of money and the power they give abandoning his friends and family, virtually betraying the only people who ever loved him. With an ironic and satiric touch the author uncrowns all the great expectations of the young man who is subject to go through disappointments of his adult life much harder to overcome than childhood ones. For me the great value of the extract consists in my desire to read the whole story appeared while analyzing this text.To recognise you the truth Ive experienced some controversially feelings reading this passage trying to understand it completely and utterly. As they say good deeds are those you are not telling of so no matter how proud you are of your success and your achievements concerning some other persons destiny you should not come to him to point out the connection between your actions and his fortune in order to avoid the annoying feeling of obligation, especially in case you do not know this person well enough to make him feel oblig ed.From my personal experience I cannot but say that friends and family will realize themselves whether they should thank you or not, as regards some other people youve ever secretly helped sometimes its even a pleasure to watch them coping with their lives knowing that youve taken part in their success but keeping it to yourself to enjoy privately. Good deeds will be rewarded in any case no need to force people thanking you or this gratitude will bring no good.